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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 56: e0473, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1431405

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Rabies is an anthropozoonosis that greatly impacts public health and is transmitted by infected mammals. Aggression by animals is notifiable and may result in anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). This study aimed to characterize anti-rabies PEP notifications in São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using data provided by the SINAN between 2013 and 2017. Results: A total of 572,889 aggressions were recorded during the study period, characterized mostly by dogs (83.5%), single wounds (56.9%), superficial wounds (58.6%), and hands/feet (34.6%). Conclusions: Animal observation was the most frequent recommendation, even in cases of attacks from non-domestic animals.

2.
Rev. Cient. CRO-RJ (Online) ; 7(1): 67-75, Jan-Apr 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1382196

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar a eficácia da intervenção educacional por videoconferência, para dentistas de um serviço público de saúde, sobre aquisição de conhecimentos em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um ensaio clínico controlado, com aplicação de questionários estruturados sobre uso criterioso da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico, antes e depois da intervenção educacional. Os participantes do estudo foram divididos em grupos controle (aula presencial) e experimental (aula por videoconferência). Participaram desta pesquisa 133 dentistas no pré-teste (questionário aplicado antes da intervenção) e 129 no pós-teste (questionário aplicado após a intervenção). As análises foram executadas para avaliar as variáveis da metodologia de ensino e comparar a proporção das respostas corretas e "não sei" entre os tempos, discriminadas pela especialidade odontológica dos participantes. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. Foram utilizados os testes de qui-quadrado e o modelo de regressão logística binária e, quando significativo, foi aplicado o teste post-hoc de Bonferroni. Resultados: A análise das respostas "não sei" e respostas corretas entre as modalidades de ensino presencial e por videoconferência demonstrou que não houve mudança significativa dos resultados. O resultado das respostas "não sei" evidenciou uma grande diferença entre os tempos, onde o percentual dessas respostas, após a intervenção, variou de 23,6% para 4,7% (p<0,001). Em todas as especialidades, essa redução foi significativa nas questões referentes ao conhecimento sobre radioproteção. O aumento de respostas corretas foi de quase 10% (p<0,001). Conclusão: A capacitação profissional através do método de videoconferência mostrou-se eficaz e comparável ao método presencial para a aquisição de conhecimentos em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico.


Objective: To verify the effectiveness of an educational intervention by videoconference, for dentists of a public health service, on acquiring knowledge in cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: This is a controlled clinical trial with structured questionnaires on the judicious use of cone-beam computed tomography, before and after the educational intervention. Study participants were divided into control (faceto-face class) and experimental (videoconference class) groups. A total of 133 dentists participated in the pre-test (questionnaire applied before the intervention) and 129 in the post-test (questionnaire applied after the intervention). The analyzes were performed to evaluate the variables of the teaching methodology and to compare the proportion of correct and "I do not know" answers between times, broken down by the dental specialty of the participants. The level of significance adopted was 0.05. The chi-square tests and the binary logistic regression model were used and, when significant, the Bonferroni post-hoc test was applied. Results: The analysis of the answers "I don't know" and correct answers between the teaching modalities showed no significant change in the results. The result of the "I don't know" answers showed a significant difference between the times, where the percentage of these answers, after the intervention, varied from 23.6% to 4.7% (p<0.001). In all specialties, this reduction was significant in questions related to knowledge about radioprotection. The increase incorrect answers were almost 10% (p<0.001). Conclusion: Professional training through the videoconference method proved effective and comparable to the face-to-face method for acquiring knowledge in cone-beam computed tomography.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Young Adult , Education, Distance/methods , Dentists/education , Videoconferencing , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires
3.
Mastology (Online) ; 31: 1-3, 2021.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151882

ABSTRACT

Silicone breast implants are commonly used, even for reconstruction after mastectomy in malignant disease. In this setting, the presence of suspicious lymphadenopathy should be investigated, because it could represent disease progression. A case of a woman with left breast cancer (more than 20 years ago) and prosthesic reconstruction is reported. She developed a second breast cancer on the opposite side. During follow up, a suspicious lymphadenopathy was seen in the computed tomography scan, but the final diagnosis corresponded to a siliconoma. Silicone granuloma is a difficult diagnosis in these cases, but must be considered.

4.
Clinics ; 76: e2513, 2021. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1249580

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: The current study compared the impact of pretreatment with melatonin and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the prevention of rat lung damage following intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (iIR). METHODS: Twenty-eight Wistar rats were subjected to intestinal ischemia induced by a 60 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, followed by reperfusion for 120 min. Animals were divided into the following groups (n=7 per group): sham, only abdominal incision; SS+iIR, pretreated with saline solution and iIR; NAC+iIR, pretreated with NAC (20 mg/kg) and iIR; MEL+iIR, pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg) and iIR. Oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators were measured and histological analyses were performed in the lung tissues. RESULTS: Data showed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and TNF-alpha in the animals pretreated with NAC or MEL when compared to those treated with SS+iIR (p<0.05). An increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the NAC- and MEL-pretreated animals as compared to the SS+iIR group (34±8 U/g of tissue; p<0.05) was also observed. TNF-α levels were lower in the MEL+iIR group (91±5 pg/mL) than in the NAC+iIR group (101±6 pg/mL). Histological analysis demonstrated a higher lung lesion score in the SS+iIR group than in the pretreated groups. CONCLUSION: Both agents individually provided tissue protective effect against intestinal IR-induced lung injury, but melatonin was more effective in ameliorating the parameters analyzed in this study.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Acute Lung Injury/etiology , Acute Lung Injury/prevention & control , Melatonin/therapeutic use , Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use , Reperfusion , Rats, Wistar , Ischemia
5.
Braz. arch. biol. technol ; 64: e21210202, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355798

ABSTRACT

Abstract Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) plays an important role in the process of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Substances of natural origin have been studied in the prevention of oxidative damage related to I/R. Quercetin is a flavonoid with antioxidant potential and modulate enzymes, such the inhibition of the Rennin-Angiotensin System (RAS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the nephroprotective effect of quercetin against the I/R and analyze the inhibition of RAS. Rhesus monkey Kidney Epithelial Cells (LLC-MK2 line) were submitted to an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model. After the reperfusion cells were treated with quercetin, the cell viability was accessed by the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay. Tubular cell damage was assessed by the Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) measurement. Oxidative stress was evaluated through Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH). The evaluation of cell death and the mitochondrial depolarization were analyzed by flow cytometry. Quercetin prevents cell death reducing oxidative stress and preventing mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Molecular docking showed that quercetin prevents cell damage better than losartan and lisinopril, inhibitors of RAS. Quercetin has a potential to interact with type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1) with greater affinity through the formation of five hydrogen bonds of strong intensity.

6.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1015696

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar as percepções de familiares/cuidadores sobre a internação domiciliar de pessoas com doenças crônicas ou em estado terminal na assistência prestada por profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, entre março e abril de 2014, com entrevistas semiestruturadas, no domicílio de pacientes em internação domiciliar, com oito familiares/cuidadores em um município da Bahia, Brasil. Analisaram-se os dados pelo método da análise de conteúdo, que permitiu a apreensão da categoria do estudo ­ percepções dos familiares/cuidadores de pessoas com dependência de cuidado sobre a internação domiciliar. Resultados: Os entrevistados demonstraram satisfação com a internação domiciliar, pelo cuidado diferenciado desse modo de atenção, pela redução de deslocamentos e por proporcionar conforto e interação entre equipe de saúde, familiares e a pessoa que necessita de cuidados. Além disso, o cuidado é respaldado no respeito à individualidade e à singularidade de cada família. Também viu-se que os entrevistados compreendem o quantitativo de profissionais como insuficiente, havendo necessidade de ampliar a equipe. Assim, convém sensibilizar a equipe sobre a relevância de discutir com familiares/cuidadores sobre seus direitos como cidadãos. Conclusão: O internamento domiciliar, na percepção dos entrevistados, é uma modalidade complementar à hospitalização essencial, uma vez que a equipe domiciliar proporciona um cuidado humanizado e próximo à família. Contudo falas evidenciam que o serviço ofertado a esses pacientes parece ser um favor prestado a eles, e não um direito do paciente de receber esse serviço público de saúde. (AU)


Subject(s)
Perception , Family , Caregivers , Home Nursing
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 38(3): 430-435, mar. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-964371

ABSTRACT

O objetivo desse estudo foi o de avaliar as frações proteicas em secreções colostrais de vacas acometidas por mastite clínica imediatamente após o parto. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 30 vacas da raça Holandesa distribuídas em três grupos, a saber: Grupo I (GI)- 10 vacas pluríparas sadias, Grupo II (GII) 10 vacas pluríparas que pariram com mastite assintomática e Grupo III (GIII) 10 vacas pluríparas que pariram com mastite clínica. Foram avaliadas as concentrações de imunoglobulina a (IgA), lactoferrina (LF), albumina, imunoglobulina G (IgG), ß-lactoglobulina (ß-Lg) e α-lactoalbumina (α-La) por meio da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE).Observou-se que a IgG, LF e a albumina variaram entre as glândulas com mastite assintomática e clínica quando comparadas às glândulas sadias, e que a presença de um único microrganismo é capaz de promover alterações no proteinograma, com ou sem manifestações clínicas na glândula mamária.(AU)


The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein fractions in colostral secretions of cows affected by mastitis immediately after calving. Therefore, 30 Holstein cows were divided into three groups: Group I (GI) composed of ten multiparous cows calving without mastitis; Group II (GII) composed of ten multiparous cows calving with subclinical mastitis, and Group III (GIII) composed of ten multiparous cows calving with mastitis. The concentration of immunoglobulin A (IgA), lactoferrin (LF), albumin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), ß-lactoglobulin (ß-Lg) and α-lactoalbumin (α-La) was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was found that the IgG, LF and albumin vary among glands of subclinical and clinical mastitis and healthy and that the presence of a bacteria in the mammary gland was the key role for changing of the pattern of serum protein source.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Colostrum/enzymology , Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay/classification , Mastitis, Bovine/classification
8.
Acta cir. bras ; 32(11): 964-972, Nov. 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886186

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effects of atenolol in inflammatory mediator and oxidative stress in a myocardial injury by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rat model. Methods: Adult Wistar male rats were randomly (n=8), anesthetized and divided in: Sham: submitted to operation only; group SS+IR: intravenous saline infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); group AT+IR: intravenous atenolol infusion (2 mg/kg) following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and open for 120 minutes (reperfusion); and group AT+I+AT+R: intravenous atenolol infusion following superior mesenteric artery occlusion during 60 minutes (ischemia) and in the time 45 minutes other atenolol doses were administrated and the artery was open for 120 minutes (reperfusion), all animals were submitted to muscular relaxation for mechanical ventilation. In the end of experiment the animals were euthanized and the hearts tissue were morphology analyzed by histology and malondialdehyde by ELISA, and the plasma were analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha by ELISA. Results: The group SS+IR demonstrated the higher malondialdehyde levels when compared with the atenolol treated-groups (p=0.001) in the heart tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in plasma decrease in the treated groups when compared with SS+IR group (p=0.001). Histology analyses demonstrate pyknosis, edema, cellular vacuolization, presence of inflammatory infiltrate and band contraction in the heart tissue of the rats. Conclusion: Atenolol significantly reduce the degree of cardiac damage after intestinal ischemia-reperfusion.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Atenolol/pharmacology , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Heart/drug effects , Intestines/blood supply , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacology , Atenolol/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Rats, Wistar , Mesenteric Artery, Superior , Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use , Antihypertensive Agents/pharmacokinetics
9.
Arq. Inst. Biol ; 84: e0472016, 2017. tab, mapas
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-981817

ABSTRACT

Determinar a ocorrência da brucelose, da tuberculose e a percepção de riscos acerca de ambas as zoonoses foi o objetivo do estudo em rebanhos bovinos leiteiros do município de Paranaíba, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. As visitas ocorreram entre novembro de 2012 e março de 2013, em 42 propriedades georreferenciadas, nas quais foram aplicados questionários aos produtores e realizadas as coletas de sangue para testes sorológicos e de tuberculinização. A ocorrência de focos, tanto da brucelose quanto da tuberculose, nas propriedades foi de 2,38% (1/42), porém, há um baixo conhecimento dos produtores sobre os fatores de risco para essas doenças.(AU)


The aim of these study was to determine the occurrences of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis, and the perception of dairy farmers on the risk of these diseases in dairy cattle herds in the municipality of Paranaíba, Mato Grosso do Sul state, Brazil. The total of 42 properties were visited for the application of a questionnaire to dairy farmers, and blood sample collection for serological and tuberculin test, from November 2012 to March 2013. The occurrence of outbreaks, both of brucellosis and tuberculosis, in the properties was 2.38% (1/42). The data showed deficiency in risk perception of these diseases on the part of the farmers.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Tuberculosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Brucellosis, Bovine/epidemiology , Bacterial Infections , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Zoonoses
10.
Rev. biol. trop ; 63(4)Oct.-Dec. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507460

ABSTRACT

a tortuga amazónica Podocnemis expansa Schweigger, 1812 es un recurso muy importante para las poblaciones ribereñas de fauna de la región amazónica, además de ser una de las principales especies enumeradas para la producción en cautiverio. El consumo de esta especie como alimento en la región ha generado una demanda de estudios sobre salud animal y sus posibles impactos en la salud pública. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue evaluar la microbiota gastrointestinal de las tortugas amazónicas en cautiverio y vida libre, y la influencia del hábitat en la composición de la flora. Un total de 116 tortugas adultas, de ambos sexos fueron elegidas, y 51 fueron capturados en la isla de São Miguel, Santarém (PA), 50 animales en cautiverio para comercio y 15 provenían de un criadero de reproducción para la conservación, que se encuentra en la región metropolitana de Belém. De cada animal se recogió material biológico de la cloaca y se envió al laboratorio de la Universidad Federal de Pará, Brazil. De 116 muestras se obtuvieron 245 aislamientos bacterianos en el que 83 (33.87 %) eran de animales de vida libre, y 162 (65.72 %) de cautiverio. Especies de Klebsiella pneumoniae fueron los aislamientos más frecuentes de las 52 muestras, 21.22 % del crecimiento total de bacterias, seguido de Enterobacter cloacae 29 %, (35/14), Serratia marcescens 84 % (11/29) y Salmonella spp. 80 % (24/9). En las tortugas de vida libre, los microorganismos aislados corresponden a los géneros: Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Citrobacter y Aeromonas. Klebsiella pneumoniae, S. marcescens, E. cloacae y Salmonella spp. presentaron frecuencias altas en animales de cautiverio. Este resultado muestra una mayor diversidad de microorganismos en animales de vida libre y muestras con alta contaminación en animales de cautiverio. Las especies de Salmonella spp., E. coli y Acinetobacter spp., pueden ser sugeridas como indicadores de la calidad sanitaria de las poblaciones de la tortuga amazónica. Sin embargo el estudio reveló que el hábitat influyó en la composición de la flora gastrointestinal de las tortugas. El conocimiento de la flora gastrointestinal de los animales es de suma importancia en la identificación de los agentes patógenos presentes en la fauna nativa de la región amazónica.


The turtle Podocnemis expansa is an important wildlife species from the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. This also represents an important resource for coastal communities, as it has been historically consumed as food. Nevertheless, besides the sustainability issues, recent concerns have been raised over the health of the animals and possible impacts on public health. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in the intestinal tract of captive and free living Amazon turtles. We examined a total of 116 adult turtles, including 51 free individuals from the island of Sao Miguel, in Santarém (Pará-PA) town, 50 captive business, and 15 from a conservation breeding area, located in the metropolitan area of Belém (PA). In total we obtained 245 bacterial growths in which 83 (33.8 %) were from the free ranging turtles, and 162 (65.7 %) isolates from captive animals. The species Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most frequent, with 52 isolates, totaling 21.2 % of bacterial growth, followed by Enterobacter cloacae 29 % (35/14), Serratia marcescens 84 % (29/11), and Salmonella spp. 80 % (24/9). In free ranging turtles the most commonly isolated microorganisms were Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., and Citrobacter spp.; while Aeromonas spp., Klebsiela pneumoniae, S. marcescens, E. cloacae and Salmonella spp. were the most frequently identified microorganisms in captive animals. Results showed a greater diversity of microorganisms among the wild animals, and a high contamination per sample on captive animals. The species of Salmonella spp., E. coli and Acinetobacter spp. can be used as indicators of the sanitary quality of Amazon turtle populations. The habitat influenced the composition of the gastrointestinal flora of turtles. Knowledge of the gastrointestinal flora of animals is important for the identification of pathogens present in the native fauna of the Amazon region. Rev. Biol. Trop. 63 (4): 1083-1089. Epub 2015 December 01.

11.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 21: 22, 31/03/2015. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-954738

ABSTRACT

Background:This investigation aimed to evaluate the occurrence of some apoptotic features induced by Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae infection in young BALB/c mice during 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi).Methods:The animals were euthanized and lung, liver and kidneys were harvested to histopathology analysis and immunohistochemistry to caspase-3 antigen detection was performed.Results:Chromatin condensation in kidney and liver tissues, but not in lung tissue, was observed. Caspase-3 reactive cells, mainly characterized as renal epithelial cells, were detected in the days 14 and 21 at high levels when compared to days 2,4 and 7 (p = 0.025; p <0.05). Lung sections revealed caspase-3 labeled alveolar cells in 10 and 14 days post-infection was higher than observed at 7 days (p = 0.0497; p < 0.05). Liver sections demonstrated reactive cells at a highest level at 14 and 21 days post-infection when comparison to 2,4, 7 and 10 days (p = 0.0069; p<0.05).Conclusions:Our results suggest that infection of L interrogans induce in kidney, liver and lung an activation of apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 dependent pathway in later phases of infectious process.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Immunohistochemistry , Apoptosis , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae , Caspase 3
12.
J. venom. anim. toxins incl. trop. dis ; 21: 1-6, 31/03/2015. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1484626

ABSTRACT

Background: This investigation aimed to evaluate the occurrence of some apoptotic features induced by Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae infection in young BALB/c mice during 2, 4, 7, 10, 14 and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Methods: The animals were euthanized and lung, liver and kidneys were harvested to histopathology analysis and immunohistochemistry to caspase-3 antigen detection was performed. Results: Chromatin condensation in kidney and liver tissues, but not in lung tissue, was observed. Caspase-3 reactive cells, mainly characterized as renal epithelial cells, were detected in the days 14 and 21 at high levels when compared to days 2,4 and 7 (p = 0.025; p <0.05). Lung sections revealed caspase-3 labeled alveolar cells in 10 and 14 days post-infection was higher than observed at 7 days (p = 0.0497; p < 0.05). Liver sections demonstrated reactive cells at a highest level at 14 and 21 days post-infection when comparison to 2,4, 7 and 10 days (p = 0.0069; p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results suggest that infection of L interrogans induce in kidney, liver and lung an activation of apoptosis mediated by caspase-3 dependent pathway in later phases of infectious process.


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Apoptosis , Weil Disease/veterinary , Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae
13.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 50(3): 188-197, 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-707763

ABSTRACT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi o de avaliar o proteinograma sérico de bezerros alimentados com colostro oriundo de vacas sadias (n = 10 ), com mastite assintomática (n = 10 ) e mastite clínica (n =10 ). As vacas foram alocadas em seus respectivos grupos de acordo com o exame macroscópico da secreção colostral, contagem de células somáticas, CMT e isolamento microbiano. As amostras de sangue dos conceptos foram colhidas logo após o nascimento, 24 e 48 horas após a ingestão do colostro dos quartos infectados e dos sadios. Foi avaliada a concentração de proteína total pelo método do biureto e as concentrações de imunoglobulina A (IgA), imunoglobulina G (IgG), transferrina, albumina e haptoglobina por meio da eletrofoerese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos nas concentrações de albumina, proteína total e IgA. Os bezerros alimen- tados com colostro de vacas com mastite assintomática e clínica apresentaram teores de haptoglobina superiores aos animais sadios. As concentrações de IgG e transferrina foram significativamente inferiores nos bezerros tratados com colostro de vacas com mastite clínica. Concluiu-se que a ingestão de colostro de quartos sadios e infectados de vacas que pariram com mastite (GII e GIII) não resulta em falha de transferência da imunidade passiva.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum protein concentration in newborns fed with colostrum derived from healthy cows (n = 10), cows with subclinical mastitis (n = 10) and cows with clinical mastitis (n = 10). 30 Holstein cows were assigned to their respective groups according to macroscopic examination of colostral secretion, somatic cell count, CMT and presence of bacteria in colostrum samples. Blood samples of the calves were collected immediately after birth, at 24 and 48 hours after ingestion of colostrum. The total protein was measured by the biuret method and the concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), transferrin, albumin and haptoglobin was determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). No differences were observed amongst groups in the concentrations of albumin, total protein and IgA. In animals from cows with subclinical and clinical mastitis haptoglobin concentrations were higher than those of healthy animals. The concentrations of IgG and transferrin were significantly lower in calves from cows with mastitis. We concluded that the ingestion of colostrum from infected and uninfected glands from cows with mastitis (GII e GIII) is unlikely to be an important contributor to the high rate of failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins in calves.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Colostrum , Immunity/physiology , Mastitis, Bovine/pathology , Cattle/classification , Immunoglobulins
14.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(2): 146-152, 2012. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-687587

ABSTRACT

Os morcegos são hospedeiros de uma rica diversidade de microrganismos. Muitos trabalhos apontam uma estreitaligação entre quirópteros e fungos com potencial patogênico, principalmente por habitarem ambientes como cavernas, grutas e ocos de árvores, favoráveis à manutenção e propagação dos fungos. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a microbiota fúngica gastrintestinal de morcegos. Das 98 amostras pertencentes a 11 espécies de morcegos procedentes de 15 cidades estudadas, 20% são da espécie Carollia perspicillata, 19% Artibeus lituratus, 17% Molossus rufus, 13% Glossophaga soricina, 9% Nyctinomops macrotis, 8% Molossus molossus, 7% Desmodus rotundus, 2% Lasiurus ega, e 1%Eptesicus furinalis, Myotis nigricans e Tadarida brasiliensis. O gênero Aspergillus sp. foi isolado de 29% das amostras, seguidos por 6% Microsporum sp. e Penicillium sp., 4% Tricophyton sp. e zigomicetos e 2% Fusarium sp. Das espécies deleveduras, 14% foram de Rhodotorula sp., 10% Candida sp. e 2% Cryptococcus sp., 22% dos isolados permaneceram sem identificação. Todos os 82 cultivos de vísceras foram negativos para Histoplasma capsulatum. Houve associação estatísticasignificativa entre os resultados do cultivo microbiológico e as espécies de morcegos (p < 0,05). Concluímos que osmorcegos podem atuar como agentes veiculadores de fungos com potencial patogênico, entretanto outros trabalhosdevem ser realizados a fim de estabelecer estratégias que permitam identificar os principais fatores correlacionados com o crescimento e a disseminação dos microrganismos na natureza e qual a implicação dos quirópteros no cicloepidemiológico.


Bats are hosts of a rich diversity of microorganisms. Many studies indicate a close link between bats and fungi with pathogenic potential, especially for living in environments such as caves, caverns and hollow trees, favorable to the maintenance and spread of fungi. The objective was to study the gastrointestinal mycoflora of bats. Of the 98 samples belonging to 11 species of bats coming from 15 studied cities, 20% of the species were Carollia perspicillata, 19% Artibeus lituratus, 17% Molossus rufus, 13% Glossophaga soricina, 9% Nyctinomops macrotis, 8% Molossus molossus, 7% Desmodus rotundus, 2% Lasiurus ega and 1% Eptesicus furinalis, Myotis nigricans and Tadarida brasiliensis. The genus Aspergillus sp. was isolated from 29% of the samples, followed by 6% Microsporum sp. and Penicillium sp. 4% Trichophyton sp. and zygomycetes and 2% Fusarium sp. Of yeast species, 14% were from Rhodotorula sp., 10% Candida sp. and 2% Cryptococcus sp., 22% of isolates remained unidentified. All 82 cultures of organs were negative for Histoplasma capsulatum. There was a statistically significant association between the results of microbiological culture and bat species (p < 0.05). We conclude that the bats can act as disperser agents of fungi with pathogenic potential, although other studies should be performed to establish strategies to identify the main factors correlated with the growth and spread of microorganisms in nature and implication of bats in the epidemiological cycle.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fungi/pathogenicity , Chiroptera/classification , Gastrointestinal Tract/anatomy & histology , Zoonoses/parasitology , Ecosystem/analysis , Yeasts
15.
Acta cir. bras ; 26(2): 107-113, abr. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-579636

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation (MV) of high-oxygen concentration in pulmonary dysfunction in adult and elderly rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight adult (A) and elderly (E), male rats were ventilated for 1 hour (G-AV1 and G-EV1) or for 3 hours (G-AV3 and G-EV3). A and E groups received a tidal volume of 7 mL/kg, a positive end-expiratory pressure of 5 cm H2O, respiratory rate of 70 cycles per minute, and an inspiratory fraction of oxygen of 1. We evaluated total protein content and malondialdehyde in bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) and performed lung histomorphometrical analyses. RESULTS: In G-EV1 animals, total protein in BAL was higher (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) compared with G-AV1 (23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Upon 180 minutes of MV, malondialdehyde levels increased in elderly (G-EV3) compared with adult (G-AV3) groups. Malondialdehyde and total proteins in BAL after 3 hours of MV were higher in elderly group than in adults. In G-EV3 group we observed alveolar septa dilatation and significative increase in neutrofiles number in relation to adult group at 60 and 180 minutes on MV. CONCLUSION: A higher fraction of inspired oxygen in short courses of mechanical ventilation ameliorates the parameters studied in elderly lungs.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da ventilação mecânica com alta concentração de oxigênio em animais adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Vinte e oito ratos machos (adultos e idosos; n=7 por grupo) foram divididos em ventilados por 1 hora (G-AV1 e G-EV1) e ventilados por 3 horas (G-AV3 e G-EV3). Os grupos receberam volume corrente de 7 mL/kg, pressão positive ao final da expiração de 5 cmH2O, frequência respiratória de 70 ciclos por minuto e fração inspirada de oxigênio de 100 por cento. Ao final do experimento avaliamos no lavado brônquio-alveolar as proteínas totais, malondialdeído, celularidade e a histomorfometria do parênquima pulmonar. RESULTADOS: Em animais idosos ventilados por 1 hora (G-EV1) as proteínas totais no lavado brônquio-alveolar aumentaram (33.0±1.9 µg/mL) quando comparados com os adultos (G-AV1; 23.0±2.0 µg/mL). Após 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica os níveis de malondialdeído e as proteínas totais estavam elevadas nos animais idosos (G-EV3) quando comparadas com os adultos (G-AV3; p<0.001). No grupo de animais idosos (G-EV3) observamos ainda dilatação dos septos alveolares e aumento significativo no número de neutrófilos em relação aos adultos ventilados, tanto aos 60 quanto aos 180 minutos de ventilação mecânica (p<0.001). CONCLUSÃO: A ventilação mecânica com alta fração inspirada de oxigênio por um curto período de tempo favoreceu os parâmetros pulmonares estudados nos animais idosos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Oxygen Level/adverse effects , Rats/classification , Aging , Neutrophils , Lung/anatomy & histology
16.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 2(8): 298-306, nov. 2007. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-881326

ABSTRACT

Este estudo pretende, por meio da perspectiva das ciências econômicas, ampliar a compreensão sobre funcionamento do sistema de saúde, utilizando o instrumental disponível nesta área do conhecimento, as avaliações econômicas, para avaliar uma importante política pública proposta pelo governo federal e implantada em todo o país: o Programa de Saúde da Família. Nesta primeira aproximação será feito um estudo de caso do município de Porto Alegre, no período de 1998 a 2002. O objetivo do estudo é criar um instrumento de gestão dos custos do programa, que permita o monitoramento e redirecionamento das ações quando se fizer necessário. Foi feita extensa revisão da literatura e, para a construção do instrumento de gestão de custos, foi necessário o levantamento dos processos de trabalho, da estrutura gerencial da secretaria e por fim dos dados de despesa e produção para o calculo dos custos do programa. O estudo demonstrou que não houve variação importante dos custos totais do programa no período, mas houve grande variação em algumas categorias especificas de custo. Além disso, mostrou que as diferentes unidades de saúde possuem diferentes custos que estão relacionados com o tamanho da equipe ou com a população adscrita.


This study aims at a broader understanding of the functioning of the health system from the perspective of economics, utilizing the tools made available by this area for evaluating an important public policy proposed by the Brazilian federal government: the Family Health Program. This first approach consists in a case study conducted in the city of Porto Alegre during the period 1998-2002. The purpose of this study was creating an instrument for the cost management of the program allowing for monitoring and redirecting actions when necessary. An extensive review of the literature was carried out and data about the work processes, the organizational structure of the secretariat in charge and cost and production of the program were collected for constructing the cost management instrument. The study showed no important variation in the total cost of the program during the period but considerable variations in some specific cost categories. Furthermore it was shown that different health units involve different costs related to the size of the team or to the target population.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Health Care Economics and Organizations , Health Care Costs , National Health Strategies
17.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 3(10): 91-98, nov. 2007.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881352

ABSTRACT

Este é um estudo de custo-efetividade da provisão da Atenção Básica por meio de duas alternativas de modelos de Atenção Básica . o modelo .tradicional. e o Programa de Saúde da Família. Em um primeiro momento, é feita a discussão teórica sobre avaliação econômica, explicitando toda a sua complexidade e, em um segundo, é realizado um estudo de caso no município de Porto Alegre. Os dados demonstram que o Programa de Saúde da Família foi mais custo-efetivo


This study analyses the cost-effectiveness of primary health care on the basis of two alternative models of health care delivery the .traditional. model and the Family Health Program of the Unified Health System. Firstly we make a theoretical approach to health economics assessment in all its complexity, and then we carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis based on a case study in the city of Porto Alegre. The data showed the Family Health Program to be more cost effective


Subject(s)
Health Care Costs , Primary Health Care , Health Care Economics and Organizations , National Health Strategies
18.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 16(1): 26-30, 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-384625

ABSTRACT

Avalia o emprego de métodos moleculares a fim de comprovar a presença dos HPV no trato genital para utilização em combinação com a citopatologia, método utilizado para rastreamento das lesões causadas pelo HPV


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , DNA Probes, HPV , Pelvic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Papillomaviridae , Sexually Transmitted Diseases
19.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 23(1): 5-12, jan.-mar. 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-334935

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade associar a cinética da resposta humoral à recuperaçäo de leptospiras viáveis e à intensidade das lesöes teciduais em camundongos geneticamente selecionados para bons (High) e maus (Low) produtores de anticorpos (seleçäo IV-A), além de camundongos outbreed, Balb/c, inoculados com amostra patogênica de Leptospira interrogans sorovar icterohaemorrhagiae. As linhagens High e Low (seleçäo IV-A) apresentam modificaçöes em alguns compartimentos da resposta imune, principalmente em relaçäo à atividade macrofágica, representando fenótipos extremos encontrados em populaçöes naturais heterogêneas. Os camundongos foram sacrificados em oito momentos após a infecçäo. A análise dos resultados revelou que a partir do 7º dia após a infecçäo, os camundongos da linhagem High apresentaram elevaçäo nos títulos de anticorpos estatisticamente significantes quando comparados aos camundongos da linhagem Low, mantendo assim o efeito multiespecífico. Os camundongos Balb/c apresentaram resultados intermediários entre as duas linhagens. A produçäo de anticorpos colaborou como fator limitante à infecçäo, pois quando obteve-se maior recuperaçäo de leptospiras, na fase inicial da infecçäo, os títulos de anticorpos encontravam-se em elevaçäo. As lesöes observadas nos órgäos de camundongos infectados consistiram basicamente nos mesmos processos inflamatórios e degenerativos, que näo se alteraram, variando apenas o grau de comprometimento tecidual, de acordo com a linhagem. A linhagem high apresentou lesöes mais extensas que as apresentadas pelas linhagens low e Balb/c, sendo que nesta última as lesöes foram moderadas. De forma geral a linhagem High e Balb/c apresentaram um perfil de resposta Th2, com o maior índice de produçäo de anticorpos e gravidade das lesöes, enquanto a linhagem Low apresentou um perfil de resposta Th1


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Leptospirosis , Wounds and Injuries
20.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 65(3): 323-326, maio-jun. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-311040

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar os microrganismos da conjuntiva ocular de cäes clinicamente sadios na regiäo de Araçatuba (SP), no veräo e no inverno. Métodos: Foram utilizados quarenta cäes, machos e fêmeas, com idade variando entre 2 e 5 anos. Após limpeza ocular com água tratada, foram realizadas colheitas de material do saco conjuntival inferior com auxílio de "swabs" estéreis, para posterior isolamento e identificaçäo de bactérias aeróbicas, anaeróbicas e fungos. Resultados: As bactérias de maior ocorrência foram o Staphylococcus aureus e o Staphylococcus b-haemolyticus. O fungo de maior ocorrência foi o Penicilium sp. Conclusäo: Pôde-se concluir que houve variaçäo da macrobiota conjuntival normal em funçäo da estaçäo do ano. Dos microrganismos isolados, o único que apresentou diferença estatística significativa quanto à incidência sazonal foi o Staphylococcus b-haemolyticus, que foi isolado apenas no inverno.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Dogs , Conjunctiva , Seasons , Brazil , Penicillium , Staphylococcus , Staphylococcus aureus
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